This page is part of the site called Surgical Pathology of the Canine Female Reproductive Tract by
University of Guelph
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There are few unique diseases of the cervix. Part of this may be that the cervix is not examined in detail in every case. Part is the lack of actual disease of the region. Those diseases that occur are often part of other disease, for example cystic endometrial hyperplasia and endometritis. Below are those conditions that have been reported in the cervix of the dog. A detailed study of the anatomy of the cervix is available (Roszel 1992)
Roszel JF (1992) Anatomy of the canine uterine cervix. The Compendium of Continuing Education, Small Animal 14: 751-760
Ladkin (1979) reported a dog with a urethrovaginal fistula that also had an anomalous cervix with multiple folds and 2 distinct connections that seemed to be similar to a double cervical canal.
Ladkin A. (1979) Urethral ectopia and anomalous cervix in a dog. Vet Rec 104(24): 555.
Agenesis is a total lack of tissue or structure.
McEntee (1990) reports seeing cervical agenesis. Membranous tissue linked the blind end of the uterine body to the vagina. The uterus was distended with fluid.
McEntee K (1990) Reproductive Pathology of Domestic Mammals. Academic Press. p209.
McEntee (1990) reports that cystic hyperplasia of the cervix occurs in dogs with cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Those dogs that develop cystic endometrial hyperplasia when receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate also have cervical hyperplasia, but the cervical lesion does not dissappear. He also describes cystadenomatous polyps of the cervix, a hyperplastic lesion. These may protrude into the vagina.
McEntee K (1990) Reproductive Pathology of Domestic Mammals. Academic Press. p 209.
The cervix as a whole can increase in size - usually in older dogs. Practioners will report a mass in the body of the uterus, or circumferential expansion of part of the body of the uterus.
Hypertropy of the cervix is an enlarged cervix - all parts are increased, but the components of smooth muscle, epithelium and lamina propria remain the same.
Adenomyosis is the presence of epithelium within the muscular layer, usually from invagination rather than true invasion.
Tamada et al (2005) reports a case of adenomyosis of the cervix. The lesion was quite extensive, suggesting that the uterine body was involved, and there was no indication of how they determined that the lesion was restricted to the cervix.
Tamada H, Kawate N, Inaba T, Kuwamura M, Maeda M, Kajikawa t, Sawada T. (2005). Adenomyosis with severe inflammation in the uterine cervix in a dog. Canadia Vet J 46: 333-334.
Thacher and Bradley (1983) report 2 neoplasms of the cervix, but their type is not recorded.
Thacher C, Bradley RL.(1983) Vulvar and vaginal tumors in the dog: a retrospective study. J Am Vet Med Assoc 183(6): 690-692.
Carcinoma
There is one report of primary carcinoma of the cervix in a dog (Dammrich and Lettow 1968).
Dammrich K, Lettow E. (1968) Adenokarzinom der cervix bei einer Hunden. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 81(3): 51-54.
Leiomyoma
Millan et al (2007) reports a single leiomyoma of the cervix.
Millan Y, Gordon A, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Reymundo C, Martin de las Mulas J. (2007) Steroid receptors in canine and human female genital tract tumours with smooth muscle differentiation. J Comp Pathol 136: 197-201
PlasmacytomaChoi et al (2004) published a case report about a dog that had a plasmacytoma of the cervix. It was 3 cm diameter and caused obstruction and the uterus was filled with serosanguinous fluid. The dog was well 10 months after diagnosis.
Choi Y-K, Lee J-Y, Kim D-Y, Park J-1. (2004) Uterine extramedullary plasmacytoma in a dog. Vet Rec 154: 699-700